Polytech'Lab
Polytech Nice-Sophia - UNS-UCA

Polytech'Lab
Polytech' Nice-Sophia, Dpt Electronique
Parc de Sophia Antipolis
930 Route des Colles
06410 Biot
France
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Thèse soutenue le 10 juin 2019

Dong Eon Kim
Directeur Thèse Polytech'Lab Philippe Gourbesville  -  Shie-Yui Liong (NUS)
Titre

Simple-and-yet-novel approach in flood assessment to overcome data scarcity: High quality DEM and Rainfall proxies

Résumé

Many urban cities in Southeast Asia witness severe flooding associated to increasing rainfall intensity and rapid urbanization often due to poor urban planning. Two important inputs required in flood hazard assessment are: (1) high accuracy Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and (2) long rainfall record. High accuracy DEM is both expensive and time consuming to acquire. Long rainfall records for areas of interest are often not available or not sufficiently long to determine the probable extremes. This thesis presents a notably cost-effective and efficient approach to estimate high-resolution and accuracy DEM, and suggests proxies for long rainfall data.DEM data from a publicly accessible satellite, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and Sentinel 2 multispectral imagery are selected and used to train the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to improve the quality of the DEM. In the training of ANN, high quality observed DEM is the key leading to a well-trained ANN. The trained ANN will then be ready to efficiently and effectively generate high quality DEM, at low cost, for places where DEM data is not available.
The
performance of the DEM improvement scheme is evaluated in places of various landuse types (e.g. dense urban areas, forested areas), and in different countries (Nice, France; Singapore; Jakarta, Indonesia) through various criteria, e.g. whenever possible visual clarity, scatter plots, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and drainage networks. The DEM resulting from the latest version of improved SRTM (iSRTM_v2 DEM) performs (1) significantly better than the original SRTM DEM, a 34 % to 57 % RMSE reduction; (2) the visual clarity is so much better; and (3) much closer drainage network with the actual. The much improved DEM allows flood modelling to proceed with high confidence.
Rainfall data resulting from a high spatial resolution Regional Climate Model (RCM), Weather Research and Forecasting driven by ERA-Interim (WRF/ERAI) dataset, is extracted, analyzed, and compared with high quality observed rainfall data of Singapore with regard to accuracy. The comparisons are performed, among others, on their Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, the essential design curves for flood risk assessment; they matched quite well. The rainfall data (from the RCM) are then used as proxies for Greater Jakarta (Indonesia), where no rainfall data were available, to derive the IDF curves required for the flood analysis. MIKE 21 Flow Model Flexible Mesh (MIKE 21 FM) is applied to Greater Jakarta, with input data from the above mentioned much improved DEM and precipitation proxy data, for flood simulations of 2 return periods (50- and 100-years). Qualitative agreement of model results and observation of the 2013 Jakarta flood were obtained. This demonstrates the applications of the approaches/methodologies, proposed in this thesis, on catchments where most essential data for flood risk assessment (high resolution and high accuracy DEM and long and high accuracy rainfall data) are not available.
This
thesis should be of interest to readers of the areas of remote sensing, artificial intelligence and flood management, possibly also for the policy makers in proposing relevant flood mitigation measures under climate change with increasing devastating flood damages and casualtiese.